Chance+K+sf

1) Which Orange Juice has the Most Vitamin C? 2) Which Orange Juice has the most Vitamin C? 3) If the Orange Juice made from Concentrate is has a higher concentration of vitamin C, then it is the best source of vitamin C. 4)STEP 1: Distribute Orange juices (mixtures) into cups, being sure that each cup has exactly 20 mL in it. STEP 2: Add drops of iodine to each of the mixtures until the solution becomes a dark orange color, beginning the titration process. STEP 3: After 1 minute, add starch indicator to each of the mixtures, all the solutions will start to change in color. STEP 4: Calculate the amount of iodine used in one trial and plug it into formula (6.8 mg/ml)*(20 mg)/(x ml), x being the amount of iodine used in that given trial. STEP 5: Repeat steps 1-4 for given amount of trials. ( 8 trials ) STEP 6: Average out all 3 groups; Concentrate,Store-Bought, and Fresh Squeezed. 5) __**Materials:**__ -OJ from concentrate -OJ (Store-Bought) -Fresh squeezed OJ -Iodine -starch indicator -Titration Scale of Vitamin C -Cups or beakers to contain mixtures 6) Table I: given measurment of trials- 20 mL of orange juice. Table II: given measurment of trials- 40 mL of orange juice. __** JOURNAL: **__ -12/15: The due date for the progress of trials is due in a few days, materials need to be gathered before the trials can even start, need to find out where i can get them fast. CTK -12/19: Spoken to Mrs. Wilson today, finally figured out how to complete the trials within the set due date. CTK -12/21: Data for the first independent variable is now complete. CTK -1/8: Data for the second independent variable is now complete. CTK -1/8: Completed graphs for both independent variables. CTK -1/8: Pictures of titration process uploaded. CTK -1/8: Post-Lab information and questions have been completed. CTK __**ABSTRACT:**__ The procedure of this experiment followed constant use of the process of titration, or the method to discover how much vitamin C a beverage of a certain amount contains. During this procedure the experimenter would titrate one amount of the beverage, (20 or 40 mg in this specific experiment.) and collect the data, put that data into the equation (6.8 mg/ml)*(20 mg)/(x ml), and then collect the answer to that equation as the true end result. after that, the experimenter would repeat this step for the number of trials given. In the end of this specific experiment, Orange juice from concentrate showed to have the most vitamin C in both 20 mg and 40 mg of the beverage. this can be linked to the real world by consumers using this data to buy their orange juice based on the amounts of vitamin C they need to live healthy lives. **__Experimentation:__** Vitamin C is used by the human to mantain many things that contribute to a healthy life. It helps to maintain bones and teeth, and also helps to heal physical injuries. The is that not many people know which kind of vitamin C to use for their lives specifically. The hypothesis that was thought of for this experiment was if the orange juice from concentrate had the highest amount of vitamin C in the given amounts, then it was the best source of vitamin C. The porcedure of this experiment was quite simple, but time-consuming. It consisted of titrating a beverage, calculating the amount of vitamin C, and then placing the collected data in the table. In total, there were 64 trials completed and collected for this experiment. __**Experimental Results:**__ Table I and Table II: see 6). Figure 1: Histogram of data of 20 mL of Orange Juice
 * || Trial 1 || Trial 2 || Trial 3 || Trial 4 || Trial 5 || Trial 6 || Trial 7 || Trial 8 || Avg. ||
 * Concentrate || 90.667 mg || 97.14 mg || 85 mg || 90.667 mg || 97.14 mg || 85 mg || 104.62 mg || 90.667 mg || 92.62 mg ||
 * Store-Bought || 46.89 mg || 48.57 mg || 54.4 mg || 54.4 mg || 52.31 mg || 52.31 mg || 50.37 mg || 48.57 mg || 51.5 mg ||
 * Fresh-Squeezed || 37.667 mg || 38.85 mg || 36.76 mg || 40 mg || 41.21 mg || 40 mg || 42.5 mg || 43.87 mg || 40.11 mg ||
 * || Trial 1 || Trial 2 || Trial 3 || Trial 4 || Trial 5 || Trial 6 || Trial 7 || Trial 8 || Avg. ||
 * Concentrate || 174.82 mg || 195.69 mg || 186.4 mg || 178.74 mg || 201.34 mg || 197.23 mg || 186.4 mg || 174.82 mg || 186.93 mg ||
 * Store-Bought || 95.76 mg || 102.98 mg || 102.98 mg || 97.67 mg || 93.56 mg || 106.12 mg || 97.67 mg || 105.2 mg || 100.24 mg ||
 * Fresh-Squeezed || 74.52 mg || 78.68 mg || 86.92 mg || 74.52 mg || 81.65 mg || 84.38 mg || 86.92 mg || 86.92 mg || 81.81 mg ||

Figure 2: Histogram of data of 40 mL of Orange Juice

**__Pictures:__** **__Discussion:__** While analyzing the data, some things that were noticed on both graphs 1 and 2 were that the concentrate group had mostly double the amount of vitamin C as both of the other groups; store-bought and Fresh-squeezed. It is possible that the concentrate group was enriched with vitamin C, giiving a much larger concentration of vitamin C, which would in turn make it the largest source of vitamin C out of these groups experimented on. Also, the difference in amounts of vitamin C when going from the 20 mL groups to the 40 mL groups were also almost double of the 20 mL results. One thing which caught the eye was on graph 2, the data seemed to have a wider range inside the groups than graph 1 did. Some modifications which could be added could be to add more given measurments for the trials (independent variables) such as adding a 60 mL group to get more data and a better grasp on the subject. Also, a group with a much larger given measurment could be added, such as a measurment related to a full cup of orange juice. That would give a much larger range and would be a much more real-world related measurement, because the general population consumes a lot more liquid than 20 or 40 mL in a day. Finally, different brands within the groups which were experimented on could be added to the experiment to give it more data to be collected and analyzed.

__**Conclusion:**__ In the end of this experiment, orange juice from Concentrate did have greatest amount of vitamin C. This made the hypothesis used in this experiment correct. That hypothesis stated: "If the Orange Juice made from Concentrate is has a higher concentration of vitamin C, then it is the best source of vitamin C".

__** Applications: **__ This experiment can be put into use in the real world by consumers using this data to develop a general idea on which type of orange juice is best for them depending on how much vitamin C they need to live a healthy life. This study could be taken even further by experimenting with larger amounts of the beverages and even comparing other brands of the orange. That would be the general population a much better idea on which Orange juice is best for them, and not going by just which tastes the best.

=__**Sources:**__= 1)"Which Orange Juice Has the Most Vitamin C?" //Science Fair Project Ideas, Answers, & Tools//. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . 2) []  (all that could be found since it was a PDF file) 3) []  (could not collect anymore of this page either) 4) "Vitamin C Determination by Iodine Titration." //Chemistry - Periodic Table, Chemistry Projects, and Chemistry Homework Help//. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . 5) "Chemicals." //Home Science Tools//. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. . 6) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">"Stoichiometry." //Shodor: A National Resource for Computational Science Education//. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.shodor.org/unchem/basic/stoic/index.html>. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">7) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">"Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Redox." //Shodor: A National Resource for Computational Science Education//. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.shodor.org/unchem/advanced/redox/index.html>. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">8) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">"Vitamin C Benefits, Sources, Supplements, & More." //WebMD - Better Information. Better Health.// Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/the-benefits-of-vitamin-c>. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">9) // Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University // . Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminC/>. 10) Http://www.euronet.nl/~jonkr/, Ron Jonk-. "Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)." //University of Maryland Medical Center | Home//. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/vitamin-c-000339.htm>.