Solutions

__**Directions:**__ a) list and define all vocabulary from the chapter b) type at least 4 sample problems with step-by-step directions of how to solve the problem; list the correct answers (if your chapter doesn't have math, there are still problems and concepts we learned.) c) link at least 3 websites for additional resources to help with studying d) develop your own LEQ questions for the section - what did you think were the key points we learned? e) Once your page is done, visit 4 other chapters and answer their LEQ's. (This can be done on a separate piece of paper.)

__**Solute-**__ the substance that dissolves in the solvent __**Solvent-**__ the substance in which the solute (s) dissolve __**Saturated-**__ a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature in the presence of dissolved solute. __**Unsaturated-**__ a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature. __**Super-Saturated-**__ an unstable solution in which more solute is dissolved than in a saturated solution. __**Dissociation-**__ a general process in which ionic compounds split into smaller particles. __**Colloid-**__ a suspension in which a solute-like phase in dispersed throughout a solvent-like phase. __**Tyndall effect-**__ the scattering of light by a colloidal suspension. __**Miscible-**__ soluble in any proportion. __**Suspension-**__ a heterogeneous mixture containing particles that are distinct from the surrounding medium. __**Immiscible-**__ insoluble in any proportion __**Solvation/Hydration-**__ the process of surrounding a solute particles with solvent particles, solvation in water. __**Likes-dissolves-Likes-**__ an empirical observation stating that substances having similar kinds of intermolecular forces dissolve in each other. __**Molarity**__- expresses the concentration in units of moles of solute per liter of solution. __**Percent by mass/volume**__- the fraction by mass expressed as a percentage. A concentration term expressed as the mass in grams of solute dissolved per 100 grams of solution. __**Dilute**__- a solution containing the relatively small quantity of solute compared with the amount of solvent. __**Concentrated**__- a measure of quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution.

If I add 45 grams of sodium chloride to 500 grams of water, what will the melting and boiling points can be of the resulting solution? Kb(H2O) = 0.52 degrees Celsius per meters and Kf(H2O) = 1.86 degrees Celsius per meters. 45g x (1 mol / 58.44g) = .77 mol .77 mol / .5 = 1.54 m 1.54 x .52 = .8008 100 + .8 = 100.8 degrees Celsius boiling point 1.54 x 1.86 = 2.86 0 - 2.86= -2.86 degrees Celsius freezing point

1) convert to moles 2) find the molality by diving by .5kg (from the 500 grams) 3) multiply that by the Kb (0.52) 4) add that answer to 100 C and you end up with 100.8 degrees C

Sea water contains roughly 28.0 g of NaCl per liter. What is the molarity of sodium chloride in sea water? (28.0 g / 1 liter) x (1 mol / 58.4428 g) = .4791 mol/L

1) set up the equation 2) convert 1 mol to grams 3) the answer from the equation will be the answer to the problem

What is the molarity of 245.0 g of H2SO4 dissolved in 1.00 L of solution? (245.0 g / 1 L) x (1 mol / 98.0795 g) = 2.50 mol/L

1) set up the equation 2) convert 1 mol to grams 3) the answer from the equation will be the answer to the problem

What is the molarity of 5.30 g of Na2CO3 dissolved in 400.0 mL solution? (5.30 g / .4 L) x (1 mol / 105.9886 g) = .013 mol/L

1) set up the equation 2) convert mL to L 3) convert 1 mol to grams 4) the answer from the equation will be the answer to the problem

__**Websites**__: http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/chemistry/chapter5section14.rhtml http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/solution.html http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html

How do you make substances dissolve? How can you speed up the dissolving process? How do you calculate the concentration of a solution? How do colligative properties affect the phase change of solutions?
 * LEQ:**