Drew+L+sf

= = =**__Viscosity__** =

__Problem:__ In what substitute solution will a slow moving gear system be lubricated easiest by means of viscosity?
=== __Hypothesis:__ If you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 2000mL of olive oil and if you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 1000mL of olive oil, then it will fall the fastest. ===

__Procedure:__
1. Fill your graduated cylinder with a fluid of your choice up to 2000mL 2. Place your trap on top of the graduated cylinder 3. Place your marble on top of the trap 4. Make sure your timer is set to 00:00 5. Open your trap, dropping the marble; at the same time start your timer 6. Stop your timer when it hits the bottom of the graduated cylinder 7. Get out the marble with your retrieval device 8. Make sure the fluid is the same level (2000mL or 1000mL) 9. Repeat steps 1-8 until you have a total of 10 trials 10. Repeat steps 1-9 for the rest of the liquids

__Materials:__

 * Graduated Cylinder
 * Marble
 * Water
 * Olive oil
 * Corn Syrup
 * Milk
 * Stop watch
 * Paper or some other substance to make the trap
 * Retrieval Device
 * Tape Measure
 * Calculator

__Abstract:__
During my viscosity experiment, I will be testing four different liquids (water, olive oil, milk, and corn syrup) by dropping a marble into 2000 mL of a liquid and 1000 mL of a liquid to see how fast the marble goes through the liquid. How thick the liquid is is the viscosity of the liquid. The thicker the liquid, the slower the marble will travel down the graduated cylinder. My problem was "in what substitute solution will a slow moving gear system be lubricated easiest by means of viscosity?" I know that gears need to be lubricated with a light liquid. If you lubricate them with a thick substance, the gears will not work well. So to form a hypothesis, I tried to choose the thinnest liquid I could out of my four choices. This is how I came to form my hypothesis, which is "if you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 2000mL of water and if you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 1000mL of olive oil, then it will fall the fastest."

__Review of Literature:__
The Science Fair topic that I chose to do this year is a viscosity lab. I titled this lab Viscosity Lab. My hypothesis is; “If you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 2000mL of olive oil and if you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 1000mL of olive oil, then it will fall the fastest.” My independent variable is the type of solution that I will be using. I will use four solutions, water (control), olive oil, milk, and corn syrup. My dependent variable that I will be testing is the amount of time it will take for the marble to reach the bottom of the cylinder. My control group is the water. In my lab, I will be testing viscosity. Viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to continuous deformation caused by sliding or shearing forces. Thick fluids such as tar or honey have a high viscosity and thin fluids such as water or alcohol have a low viscosity. In general, viscosity is a function of temperature and pressure; however, in some fluids viscosity is dependent on the rate of shear and time. To test viscosity in my lab, I will be dropping a marble into a graduated cylinder filled with a solution. I will be measuring the amount of time it will take for the marble to reach the bottom of the cylinder. The marble I will be using will be made out of limestone, which is made from pressurized rock. Marbles can be made in different shapes, such as pebbles, squares, and other art forms. For my experiment, I will be using a spherical marble. The unit of time that I will be measuring will be in seconds. I will be using a graduated cylinder as my container in which I will be filling with a solution and dropping the marble into. Graduated cylinders in the past were primarily made of glass, but are now made of polymethylpentene (P.M.P.), which will not break as easily and is able to withstand 180°C continuously. They are transparent so that you can see the fluid inside of them. Graduated cylinders come in various sizes such as 10mL, 25mL, 50mL, 100mL, 500mL, 1000mL, and 2000mL. The fluid level in a cylinder is read by identifying the lowest part of the meniscus. The meniscus is the lowest part of the convex dip of the liquid as it sits in the graduated cylinder. In between the readings on the graduated cylinder, there are measurements called subgraduates. For example, a 100mL graduated cylinder has 10 subgraduates between the measurements of 50mL and 60mL, so that means that each of the subgraduates equals 1mL. For my experiment, I will put a known amount of solution in a graduated cylinder so that the marble travels through the same amount of solution each time. To form my hypothesis, I looked at the densities of the various liquids that I chose. I know that in another science project that was completed, a scientist poured different liquids into a cup. In a separation technique, called density-centrifuge and suction, the less dense liquids would rise above the more dense liquids thus separating themselves. In the lab that the scientist did, he poured water and olive oil into a cup together and the olive oil rose above the water. I know that milk is thicker than water because it has all the ingredients in it including water. I know that corn syrup has the consistency of syrup, so it will be very dense. This is why I formed the hypothesis that, “If you drop a marble down a cylinder of olive oil, then the marble will drop the fastest.” My problem was "in what substitute solution will a slow moving gear system be lubricated easiest by means of viscosity?" People can use different liquids on different types of gears systems to see which lubricates them the best. This is how we can compare our marble test to the real-life test. We wouldn’t be able to make it a full-scale test, but we can compare the small-scale test results to what we think could happen in the full-scale results if we lubricated the gears of a slow moving gear system with the various liquids. In conclusion, my lab, titled the Viscosity Lab, has come together with all of the facts and statements noted above. These facts and statements helped me form my hypothesis and give me the ingredients and materials that I need and the knowledge to use them.

Works Cited "Exhalation - Breathing Out Is The Most Important Thing In Swimming And Freestyle." Swimming Technique: Animations & Articles From Experts Swim Smooth. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. .

"Glass Gems & Marbles from Wholesalers USA." Glass Tile - Lowest Prices! Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.wholesalersusainc.com/glass- gems-marbles-c-58.html>.

Graduated Cylinder. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://graduatedcylinder.org/>.

"Graduated Cylinders - Polymethylpentene - 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 250ml, 500ml Sizes | Edmund Scientific." Edmund Scientifics: Educational Toys, Gifts, Hobby Supplies & Science Equipment. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.scientificsonline.com/graduated-cylinders- various-sizes.html>.

"How Long Is a Millisecond - Ask.com." Ask.com - What's Your Question? Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ask.com/questions-about/How- Long-Is-a-Millisecond>.

"Liquids Density." Science at Home. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://scienceathome.cienciaviva.pt/denliquidos_eng.html>.

"Measuring Volume Using a Graduated Cylinder." Welcome to Wisc-Online.com. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.wisc-online.com/objects /ViewObject.aspx?ID=gch302>.

"Milk." ChestofBooks.com: Read Books Online for Free. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://chestofbooks.com/food/recipes/Boston-School-Kitchen- Text-Book/Milk.html>.

"Viscosity Summary | BookRags.com." BookRags.com | Study Guides, Lesson Plans, Book Summaries and More. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.bookrags.com/research/viscosity-wop/>.

"What Is Marble Made Of?" Experts123 - Question and Answer Encyclopedia. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.experts123.com/q/what- is-marble-made-of.html>.

__Log Book:__
11/19/2011: Took first half of data for the 2000mL and 1000mL tests with water and milk. I took the picture of the setup. D.L. 11/27/2011: Took last half of data for the 2000mL and 1000mL tests with olive oil and corn syrup. Updated the Wikispaces page. D.L. 1/3/2012: Put graphs of data for 2000mL and 1000mL tests on Wikispaces. D.L.

2000 mL

 * > Water ||= Milk ||> Olive Oil ||> Corn Syrup ||
 * > 0.47 ||> 0.5 ||> 0.56 ||> 29.21 ||
 * > 0.5 ||> 0.51 ||> 0.53 ||> 28 ||
 * > 0.46 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.53 ||> 29.03 ||
 * > 0.5 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.51 ||> 28.66 ||
 * > 0.45 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.58 ||> 28.87 ||
 * > 0.44 ||> 0.47 ||> 0.56 ||> 28.84 ||
 * > 0.52 ||> 0.56 ||> 0.59 ||> 29.2 ||
 * > 0.53 ||> 0.53 ||> 0.57 ||> 28.97 ||
 * > 0.51 ||> 0.59 ||> 0.56 ||> 29.11 ||
 * > 0.54 ||> 0.53 ||> 0.58 ||> 29.02 ||

1000 mL
<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">Note: all data is in seconds == == = =
 * > Water ||> Milk ||> Olive Oil ||> Corn Syrup ||
 * > 0.25 ||> 0.25 ||> 0.35 ||> 15.38 ||
 * > 0.22 ||> 0.26 ||> 0.28 ||> 15.19 ||
 * > 0.26 ||> 0.28 ||> 0.3 ||> 15.35 ||
 * > 0.3 ||> 0.29 ||> 0.31 ||> 15.68 ||
 * > 0.22 ||> 0.28 ||> 0.28 ||> 15.44 ||
 * > 0.31 ||> 0.24 ||> 0.31 ||> 15.39 ||
 * > 0.27 ||> 0.28 ||> 0.32 ||> 15.22 ||
 * > 0.31 ||> 0.27 ||> 0.3 ||> 15.31 ||
 * > 0.27 ||> 0.3 ||> 0.34 ||> 15.29 ||
 * > 0.28 ||> 0.27 ||> 0.31 ||> 15.32 ||

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Average for 1000mL Test:
Water: 0.269 Milk: 0.272 Olive Oil: 0.31 Corn Syrup: 15.357

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Average for 2000mL Test:
Water: 0.492 Milk: 0.538 Olive Oil: 0.557 Corn Syrup: 28.891

Conversions:
To convert over my data to miles/hour, I performed the following calculation: I measured how tall the 2000mL graduated cylinder is and found it to be 14 inches. I know that one mile equals 5,280 feet. I know that one foot equals twelve inches. I then used the average time for each liquid from the bottom of the data tables for the conversion. For example, I know that water took 0.492 seconds to reach the bottom of the 2000mL graduated cylinder. Next, I know that sixty seconds is equal to one minute. Finally, I know that sixty minutes is equal to one hour. All of the units canceled each other out and my final answer came out to be in miles/hour. I calculated all of the liquids in the 2000mL conversion and the answers are as follows:

To convert my data to miles/hour for the 1000mL test, I performed the calculations described above but substituted the height of the 1000mL graduated cylinder (seven inches) and the average times for each liquid from the bottom of the 1000 mL data table. The answers are as follows:

Discussion:
<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">What happened here is simple. The water had the least amount of viscosity. I can tell this because the marble traveled through the water the fastest when compared to the other three liquids. This is just a naturally occurring thing that happens. It's just how it is, water is less thick (or has less viscosity) than the other three liquids tested. I originally thought the olive oil would provide the least resistance to the dropping marble but have learned that there are different qualities of olive oil and the olive oil that I used in this lab was not the best quality. Another thing that might have caused some slight error was that I could hear the marble hit the bottom of the graduated cylinder during the 2000mL milk test. The problem occurred when I had to do the 1000mL test. I couldn't see when the marble would hit the 1000mL line on my graduated cylinder, because of its thick coloration. To get my 1000mL test data, I simply divided the 2000mL data in half, because 1000 is half of 2000. There are many ways that I can improve this. I can use more types of liquid to see what their viscosity levels are. I could get a larger graduated cylinder. I could get more clearer liquids to work with so that I don't run into the same problem that I ran into with the milk. Also, it is hard to start and stop the timer exactly as it hits the 2000mL and 1000mL marks. In the future, I could make some type of laser mechanism that starts and stops the timer exactly when the marble reaches the 2000mL or 1000mL marks.

Conclusion:
<span style="color: #6b00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">My hypothesis was, "If you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 2000mL of olive oil and if you drop a marble down a graduated cylinder filled with 1000mL of olive oil, then it will fall the fastest." My hypothesis was incorrect. Water had the least amount of viscosity, not olive oil. The data shows this because the marble fell through the water the quickest at 1.62 miles/hour in the 2000mL test and at 1.48 miles/hour in the 1000mL test.

Application:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">If we had a slow moving gear system and we ran out of lubricant, then what could we use? We could use this study to help us in the future in case somebody using a gear system ran out of lubricant. Then we would have the answer for that question and that person could possibly run the system without damaging it by using an alternate lubricant.