Lauren+M+sf

 **__Problem:__** Does the amount of pH affect the rate of evaporation in water?
 * __‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍__ ‍‍ ‍‍__‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Rate of __ __Evaporation __ __‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍__ ‍‍  **

 **__Hypothesis:__** If the water has more acidity, then it will evaporate quicker.

**__Procedure: __**
 * 1) Collect samples of water; home faucet water, bottled water, well water, and hot tub water.
 * 2) Put the same amount of water into four individual cups in the same environment.
 * 3) Measure and record the pH level of each liquid sample.
 * 4) Allow the water to evaporate and record the time that each liquid evaporated.
 * 5) Repeat these steps for a total of ten trials.
 * 6) Calculate and record the average of each water sample.‍‍‍‍‍‍

**__Materials: __**
 * 5 milliliters of home faucet water
 * 5 milliliters of Deer Park bottled water
 * 5 milliliters of well water
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">5 milliliters of hot tub water
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">AquaChek pH strips
 * nine of the same sized bowls
 * clock

**__Logbook:__** **11/5/11- L.M.** My mom and I went looking for glow sticks at a few dollar stores. We didn't find any. My dad and I went to another dollar store and they had enough to do the project but we didn't buy any. I decided to change my project idea. M‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍y parents didn't want me to have to redo everything so I'm still doing the glow stick idea. My dad went ahead and bought forty green glow sticks and forty red glow sticks. My mom brought home thermometers and a hot plate from teachers at her school. I decided to change my project. The glow sticks would remain lit for more than a day, and I'm not able to keep the temperature of the water consistent for over twenty-four hours. So I chose another idea off my topic selection sheet to do. Today I redid my wikispace page, print out the needed forms, and the review of the literature. This morning I did the trials for the hot tub water. I used five milliliters of hot tub water. I also used nine bowls that are equal in size. The pH level for the water was 7.8. The water was distributed in the bowls at 9:36 am. So now I have to wait until the water has evaporated and record the time that it happened. When I checked them at 4:46 six of them had evaporated. So it took 7 hours and 10 min. This morning I did the trials for the well water. My dad brought home well water from Kelly Cadillac in Lancaster. Again, I used five milliliters of well water. I also used nine bowls that are equal in size. The pH level for the water was 6.2. The water was distributed into the nine bowls at 7:35 am. I checked the bowls periodically until all the water had evaporated. And I recorded the data in the table above. This morning I did the trials for the tap water from my house. I used five milliliters of tap water. I used the same nine bowls as before. The pH level of the water was 6.8. I put the water in the bowls at 6:00 this morning. When I got home they still contained some water. As the water evaporated, I recorded the data in the table above. This morning I did the trials for the Deer Park bottled water. I used five militers of the bottled water. I used the same nine bowls as before. The pH level of the water was 6.2. I put the water in the bowls at 8:01 this morning. Once the water evaporated I recorded the time in the data tables. This morning I did one trial for each type of water since I only did nine trials of each previously. I took the pH level of each type of water. The pH levels were all the same from the last time I did them. I put the water in the bowls at 8:20 this morning. I used five millliters of each type of water, and put that water in the four seperate bowls. Today during class I uploaded the data I collected from Monday. I also averaged out the data for the pH level and the times. And I started to make my graphs but didn't get to finish them. Today I finished my entire project.
 * 11/6/11- L.M**.
 * 11/7/11- L.M**.
 * 11/10/11- L.M**.
 * 11/19/11- L.M**.
 * 12/11/11- L.M**.
 * 12/17/11- L.M**.
 * 12/21/11- L.M**.
 * 12/28/11- L.M**.
 * 1/2/12- L.M**.
 * 1/5/12- L.M**.
 * 1/8/12- L.M**.

**__Abstract:__** This experiment was performed to determine if water's pH level has any effect on the rate of it's evaporation. In this experiment, the pH level was measured in four different types of water. Then the water was distributed into seperate bowls and left alone to evaporate. The times were recorded when each bowl of water evaporated. The average evaporation rate for a pH level of 6.2 was between 627 minutes and 641 minutes. The average evaporation rate for a pH level of 6.8 was 604 minutes. The avearge evaporation rate for a pH level of 7.8 was 450 minutes. Looking back at the data, it was concluded that the higher the pH level was, the faster the water evaporated. Further tests could be done with more types of water or larger amounts of water.

**__Problem:__** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Does the amount of pH affect the rate of evaporation in water?

**__Hypothesis:__** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">If the water has more acidity, then it will evaporate quicker.

**__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Experimentation: __** The problem for this science project was to determine if the amount of pH has an affect on the rate of water's evaporaion. The hypothesis for this project was, if the water has more acidity, then it will evaporate quicker. Some background research showed that pH expresses the acidity or basic (alkaline) nature of a solution. To measure the pH level of a solution a probe and meter, litmus paper, or a field kit is most commonly used. Since the equipment for the probe and meter is expensive, it is more accurate compared to litmus paper or the field kit. The number seven is considered neutral when reading a liquid’s pH level. The scale ranges from zero (most acidic) to fourteen (most basic). Lemon juice, black coffee, tomato juice, and urine are examples of acidic solutions. Some examples of a basic (alkaline) solutions are bleach, ammonia, baking soda, and sea water. Water being added to a solution causes the pH level of that solution to shift closer to the center of the pH scale which is seven. Consequently, adding water to an acidic solution causes it to become less acidic. And adding water to a base (alkaline) solution makes it less base. Sometimes temperature can effect the level of pH. High temperatures can cause lower pH levels. Human stomachs have a naturally low pH level of two. This is believed to be a beneficial acid to our body that helps us in food digestion. pH indicates whether the water is soft or hard. When compared to hard water, soft water contains less calcium and other deposits, and can be corrosive. If water is considered “soft”, it is on the lower end of the pH range and is acidic. The hardness of water is the water-quality indication of the concentration of alkaline salts in water. This water normally has calcium and magnesium. If water is considered “hard”, it is on the higher end of the pH range and is basic. The independent variables were the different types of water and the pH levels. The dependent variable was the rate of evaporation. The variables were measured by determing the pH levels and then the water was left to evaporate and the times were recorded. Five milliliters of four different types of water were used. There were ten different trials done for each type of water. After all the trials the level and times of each type of water were averaged out. The controls in this experiment were the amount of water, the pH strips, and the same environment being used each time.

**__Experimental Results:__** **__Table 1- pH Levels__** The pH levels for each type of water. __**Table 2- Rate of Evaporating**__ The times of when each type of water evaporated.‍ 10hrs 27min || 604min; 10hrs 4min || 641min; 10hrs 41min || 450min; 7hrs 30min || ** __Figure 1- Evaporation Rate__ ** The averages of the evaporation rates of each type of water.
 * **pH Level** || **Bottled** **Water** || **Home** **Faucet** **Water** || **Well** **Water** || **Hot** **Tub** **Water** ||
 * **Trial 1** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 2** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 3** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 4** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 5** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 6** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 7** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 8** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 9** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Trial 10** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * **Average** || 6.2 || 6.8 || 6.2 || 7.8 ||
 * ** Rate of **** Evaporating ** || **Bottled** **Water** || **Home** **Faucet** **Water** || **Well** **Water** || **Hot Tub** **Water** ||
 * **Trial 1** || 9hrs 7min || 9hrs 4min || 9hrs 54min || 7hrs 10min ||
 * **Trail 2** || 9hrs 37min || 9hrs 23min || 10hrs 45min || 7hrs 10min ||
 * **Trial 3** || 9hrs 37min || 9hrs 35min || 10hrs 45min || 7hrs 10min ||
 * **Trial 4** || 10hrs 6min || 9hrs 50min || 11hrs 6min || 7hrs 10min ||
 * **Trial 5** || 10hrs 53min || 10hrs 19min || 11hrs 57min || 7hrs 10min ||
 * **Trial 6** || 10hrs 53min || 10hrs 24min || 11hrs 57min || 7hrs 10min ||
 * **Trial 7** || 10hrs 53min || 10hrs 30min || 12hrs 37min || 7hrs 34min ||
 * **Trial 8** || 11hrs 19min || 10hrs 33min || 12hrs 48min || 7hrs 40min ||
 * **Trial 9** || 11hrs 19min || 11hrs 1min || 12hrs 48min || 9hrs 27min ||
 * **Trial 10** || 10hrs 48min || 10hrs 4min || 12hrs 22min || 7hrs 20min ||
 * **Average** || 627min;

**__Pictures:__** **__Figure 2__**

__**Figure 3**__ <span style="font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;"> **__<span style="font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;">Figure 4 __** <span style="color: #800000; font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> **__<span style="font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;">Figure 5 __**

<span style="font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;">

__**Figure 6**__ ** __Figure 7__ ** **__Figure 8__**

**__Discussion:__** It was discovered that the higher the pH level was, the faster the water evaporated. The trials of the pH level concluded in Table 1 showed that the average level for the bottled water was 6.2. Table 1 showed that the average pH level for the home faucet water was 6.8. The average pH level for the well water shown in Table 1 was 6.2. And 7.8 is the pH level for the hot tub water which is shown in Table 1. Table 2 showed that the average rate of evaporation for the bottled water was 627 minutes or 10 hours and 27 minutes. Table 2 showed that the average rate of evaporation for the home faucet water was 604 minutes or 10 hours and 4 minutes. Table 2 showed that the average rate of evaporation for the well water was 641 minutes or 10 hours and 41 minutes. Table 2 showed that the average rate of evaporation for the hot tub water was 450 minutes or 7 hours and 30 minutes. Well water had the lowest pH level of 6.2 and the longest time of 641 minutes. Bottled water had the second lowest pH level of 6.2 and the second longest time of 627 minutes. The home faucet water had the third lowest pH level of 6.8 and the third third longest time of 604 minutes. The hot tub water had the highest pH level of 7.8 and the shortest time of 450 minutes. So the data proves that the water with the highest pH level also evaporates the quickest. And the water with the lowest pH level evaporates the slowest. This experiment could be improved or modified by using more types of water. Or by using larger amounts of water. More trials could also be done to ensure the results are as precise as possible. An error that may have occured during this experiment is that the temperature in the room where the trials were conducted each time may haved varied day to day. And since the trials were done on seperate days the temperature in the room may have been a little different, affecting the rate of the evaporation of each water type. Another error may have been that the amount of water wasn't exactly the same. The water was measured as close to the five milliter line as possible, but may not have been exact each time. When the trials were performed, there were nine bowls done at a time. So there was one bowl that was done seperately from the others. Even though the pH levels remained the same as the other levels, since they were done on a different day, the results of that one done on the seperate day could have varied compared to the other ones. One other error could be that the temperature of the water could vary. When the water was collected the temperature of the water may have been different from the other types of water, therefore affecting the rate of it's evaporation.

**__Conclusion:__** The trials concluded that the hot tub water, which had the highest pH level of 7.8, evaporated the fastest at 450 minutes. Therefore, the water with the highest pH level also evaporated the quickest. The hypothesis of this experiment was that if the water has more acidity, then it will evaporate quicker was proven to be correct. The data collected throughout this science project proved that the level of pH did affect the rate of evaporation.

__**Applications:**__ This study could be tested further by collecting more samples of liquids.