Periodic+Table

SourceURL:file://localhost/Volumes/classof2013/horvatinqicj13/Unit%204%20Periodic%20Table.doc Unit 4 Periodic Table

Elements are arranged in order according to increasing atomic number Periods go across and Groups go down Different types of elements: Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Metalloids, Transition Metals, Non Metals, Noble Gases

Trends in Periodic Table Electronegativity: attraction for electrons in chemical bond (higher the value, stronger the attraction. As you move across the period, electronegativity increases. As you move down the groups, it decreases

Ionization Energy: amount of energy needed to remove loosely bound electron from gaseous atom Increases from left to right and decreases as you go down a group.

Atomic Radius: decreases left to right and increases down a group

Shielding Effect: decrease in attraction to outer electrons to nucleus Increases as you go down periodic table, stays the same as you move across the periodic table

Electron Affinity: same trends as electronegativity

4 different orbitals SPDF S- shows the shape of the orbital, can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons, 7 energy levels with S configuration

P- Nonmetals and noble gases (last row), the elements on the left and bottom of the P orbital block have less characteristics of metals

D- located in the center of the periodic table, transition metals

F- fourth energy level, can hold 14 electrons, no shape to describe them

Quantum Numbers: Describe which orbital each electron is in Principal (n) – size of orbital (can’t be zero ) Angular (l) – Shape ( 0, 1 , 2 , 3 ) S p d f Magnetic (m) Quantum Number – orientation in space ( -1, 0, 1) Spin Quantum Number – spin of axis ( - ½, ½ )

Questions: Magnesium________ Uranium________ Fluorine____________
 * 1) What is the electron configuration for Aluminum?
 * 2) Which has higher electron affinity: Silicon or Oxygen?
 * 3) Which type of element is each of the following (alkaline, transition…) ?

Websites: [] [] [|http://www.hhs.homewood.k12.al.us/~kreaves/Periodictable.htm]